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Multi-junction solar cell
Multi-junction (MJ) solar cells are solar cells with multiple p–n junctions made of different semiconductor materials. Each material's p-n junction will produce electric current in response to different wavelengths of light. The use of multiple semiconducting materials allows the absorbance of a broader range of wavelengths, improving the cell's sunlight to electrical energy conversion efficiency.
Traditional single-junction cells have a maximum theoretical efficiency of 34%. Theoretically, an infinite number of junctions would have a limiting efficiency of 86.8% under highly concentrated sunlight.
Currently, the best lab examples of traditional crystalline silicon solar cells have efficiencies between 20% and 25%, while lab examples of multi-junction cells have demonstrated performance over 43%.〔("Solar Junction Breaks Concentrated Solar World Record with 43.5% Efficiency" ). Cnet.com.〕〔("Sharp Hits Concentrator Solar Cell Efficiency Record, 43.5%" )〕 Commercial examples of tandem, two layer, cells are widely available at 30% under one-sun illumination,〔("ZTJ Space Solar Cell" ), emcore〕 and improve to around 40% under concentrated sunlight. However, this efficiency is gained at the cost of increased complexity and manufacturing price. To date, their higher price and higher price-to-performance ratio have limited their use to special roles, notably in aerospace where their high power-to-weight ratio is desirable. In terrestrial applications, these solar cells are emerging in concentrator photovoltaics (CPV), with a growing number of installations around the world.〔("Concentrating Photovoltaic Technology" ), NREL〕
Tandem fabrication techniques have been used to improve the performance of existing designs. In particular, the technique can be applied to lower cost thin-film solar cells using amorphous silicon, as opposed to conventional crystalline silicon, to produce a cell with about 10% efficiency that is lightweight and flexible. This approach has been used by several commercial vendors,〔("Uni-Solar Energy Production" ), Uni-Solar〕 but these products are currently limited to certain niche roles, like roofing materials.
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抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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